SOMMA-VESUVIUS
- Anno: 1987
- Autore/i: a cura di M.Rosi e A. Sbrana
- Catalogo: CNR
- Argomento: Vulcanologia
- ISBN:
- ISSN:
252 pp., 140 figg., 2 tav ripiegate f.t., 1 c. pieg. f.t., 30 tabb. Vesuvius is probably the most famous volcano in the world because of the easy accessibility, the spectacular almost persistentactivity lasted far three centuries until 1944, and because of its largely documented eruptive history. The history of volcanology itself begins at Vesuvius thanks to the description of Pliny the Younger to Tacitus of the A.D. 79"Pompei" eruption. Since that time hundreds of books and articles have been written dealing with the different aspects of the activity, structure, nature, geography of the volcano: the 290 references cited in the present monograph provide only a partial overview of the available documentation. This extremely abundant literature lacks, however, of papers containing a synthesis of volcanological data, being generally limited to specific arguments, here more geological or geophysical, and there more petrological or mineralogical. At the end of 1983 I was entrusted with the preparation and editing of a monograph on Vesuvius, which should summarize the results of the research efforts promoted and sponsored since 1976 by the Italian Geodynamic Project. In particular this monograph should provide a description of the new 1 :25,000 scale geological map. The acquisition of new data was completed in 1985, but most of the field data were collected prior to 1983. Since then field work has continued and some further progress has been achieved, whose results have been published in intemational journals. Although possibly partir out of date on the detailed description of some eruptions, the present monograph provides far the first lime a comprehensive picture of the geological, geophysical and petrochemical aspects of the wonderful volcano. Professar of Volcanology at the University of Pisa Director of the International Institute of Volcanology, CNR - Catania ROBERTO SANTACROCE November, 1987 Indice PAG. 7 - Foreword - F. BARBERI 9 - Preface - R. SANTACROCE CHAPTER 1: Explanatory Notes to the Geological Map - C. PRINCIPE, M. ROSI, R. SANTACROCE & A. SBRANA 11 - 1- Introduction 13 - 2 - Geological setting of the Campanian Volcanic Area 16 - 3 - Stratigraphic outline of the potassic Quaternary volcanism of Campania 16 - 4 - The 1 :25,000 geological map of the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex 18 - 1 - Morphological aspects 22 - 2 - General stratigraphy 46 - 3 - Volcano-tectonics CHAPTER 2: Eruptive History - V. ARNO', C. PRINCIPE, M. ROSI, R. SANTACROCE, A. SBRANA & M. F. SHERIDAN 53 - 1 - Introduction 53 - 2 - The recent activity: 1944-1631 73 - 3 - The A.D.1631-79 period of activity 75 - 1 - The A.D.1631 eruption 77 - 2 - The A.D.472 "Pollena" eruption 80 - 3 - The A.D.79 "Pompei" eruption 90 - 4 - The older period of activity (before A.D. 79) 92 - 1 - The Vesuvius activity betwen Avellino and Pompei plinian eruptions 94 - 2 - The "Avellino" plinian eruption (about 3,800 y.B.P.) 97 - 3 - The "Mercato" (formerly "Gemelle") plinian eruption (about 8,000 y.B.P.) 99 - 4 - The "Lagno Amendolare" plinian eruption (about 11,000 y.B.P) 100 - 5 - The "Greenish" plinian eruption (about 15,000 y.B.P.) 100 - 6 - The "Basal" plinian eruption (about 17,000 Y .B.P.) 102 - 7 - The "Sarno" plinian eruption (about 22,000 y.B.P.) 103 - 8 - The "Codola" plinian eruption (about 25,000 y.B.P.) CHAPTER 3: Chemistry and Petrography - J. L. JORON, N. METRICH, M. ROSI, R. SANTACROCE & A. SBRANA 105 - 1- Introduction 105 - 2 - Rock types 112 - 1 - Highly undersaturated rocks 113 - 2 - Mildly and slightly undersaturated rocks 116 - 3 - Chemical variations 116 - 1 - Major elements 120 - 2 - Trace elements 126 - 3 - Isotope data 126 - 4 - Some remarks 128 - 4 - Mineral Chemistry 128 - 1 - Clinopyroxene 136 - 2 - Olivine 136 - 3 - Plagioclase 138 - 4 - Sanidine 139 - 5 - Leucite 140 - 6 - Nepheline 140 - 7 - Other feldspathoids 140 - 8 - Mica 141 - 9 - Amphibole 141 - 10 - Fe-Ti oxydes 143 - 11 - Garnet 143 - 12 - Scapolite 143 - 13 - Apatite 143 - 14 - Some remarks 146 - 5 - Ejected blocks 147 - 1 - Lava fragments 147 - 2 - Sedimentary rocks 147 - 3 - Metamorphosed carbonate rocks 148 - 4 - Metasomatized carbonate skarn 148 - 5 - Mafic nodules 152 - 6 - Subeffusive ejecta 154 - 7 - Some remarks 155 - 6 - Optycal thermometry and eryometry 157 - 7- Petrological indications 157 - 1 - Origin of salic and intermediate magmas 164 - 2 - The parent magmas 171 - 3 - The deep source of the parent magmas CHAPTER 4: Geophysics - E. CASSANO & P. LA TORRE 175 - 1 - Regional gravimetry 176 - 1 - Gravimetry of the Somma-Vesuvius area 177 - 2 - Density measurements 177 - 3 - Processings and principles of interpretation 181 - 4 - Interpretation and modeling results 183 - 2 - Magnetometry 183 - 1 - Regional magnetometry 184 - 2 - Magnetometry of the Somma-Vesuvius area 184 - 3 - Measurements of magnetic susceptibility 187 - 4 - Interpretation and modeling results 193 - 3 - Geoelectries 193 - 1 - Geoelectrics of the Somma-Vesuvius area 193 - 2 - Processings 193 - 3 - Interpretation results 195 - 4 - Interpretation synthesis CHAPTER 5: Volcanic Hazard - M. ROSI, R. SANTACROCE & M. F. SHERIDAN 197 - 1 - Introduction 197 - 2 - Eruptive behavior 201 - 3 - The model 203 - 4 - Repose time 204 - 5 - Volumes of erupted products 206 - 6 - The present state of the volcano 207 - 7 - Hazard implications 209 - 1 - Small-seale, 1906-type eruptions 211 - 2 - Intermediate-scale "Pollena-type" eruptions 216 - 3 - Large-scale, "Pompei-type" eruptions 218 - 4 - The anticipated eruption 220 - 5 - Computer-assisted maps 221 - APPENDIX 1 - Location of the measured stratigraphic sections 222 - APPENDIX 2 - Other chemical analyses of Somma-Vesuvius products 224 - APPENDIX 3 - Fractionation models 235 - REFERENCES